Back and neck conditions

Backs and necks are the single largest reason people come to see us, and the area where the advice people have already received is most often unhelpful. So it is worth saying the useful things plainly.

More information

Most back and neck pain is not caused by damage that needs surgical repair. It is genuinely disabling, which is a different thing from being dangerous, and the two get confused precisely because the pain is so convincing. The great majority of episodes improve, and improve faster in people who keep moving.

Which section below should I look at

If the pain stays in your back, start with lower back pain. If it travels into the buttock and down the leg, often with pins and needles, that is sciatica and it behaves differently. If somebody has told you a disc is involved, or a scan mentions degeneration, read the disc page before you worry about it. Neck pain covers both the morning you wake up unable to turn your head and the stiffness that builds over a busy few months at a desk. Whiplash covers the aftermath of a car accident. Scoliosis is for adults living with an established curve.

Why it keeps coming back

Because the episode gets treated and the reason does not. Pain settles, life resumes, and the strength and movement that were missing beforehand are still missing. That is the pattern behind almost all recurring back pain, and rebuilding those is the part of treatment people abandon as soon as they feel better.

What treatment actually involves

An assessment that establishes what is driving the pain and rules out the small number of causes that need a doctor. Treatment to settle it, which may include hands on work. Then a graded programme to restore movement and build strength. NICE recommends staying as active as you can manage alongside exercise and manual therapy, rather than resting, which is the opposite of what instinct suggests.

The symptoms that need a doctor today

Numbness around the saddle area, loss of control of your bladder or bowel, weakness in both legs, or back pain alongside unexplained weight loss or fever. Any of those needs same day attention from your GP or at hospital rather than an appointment with us, and if you describe them to us we will send you straight there.

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Bare back with multicolored highlighted spine, hand on neck and lower back
Woman supports another person's bent knee while they lie on a treatment table in a bright roomOlder woman listens as a doctor explains a full spine model in a bright medical office

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I see a physiotherapist or my GP for back pain?
For most back pain a physiotherapist is the more useful first stop, because the treatment is assessment, movement and exercise rather than medication. See your GP or go to hospital the same day if you have numbness around the saddle area, loss of bladder or bowel control, weakness in both legs, or back pain with unexplained weight loss or fever.
Do I need a scan before treatment?
Usually not. NICE guidance advises against routine imaging for common low back pain, because it rarely changes what the treatment should be and frequently shows changes that are present in people with no pain at all. If a scan is genuinely warranted we will say so and write to your GP.
How long does back pain take to settle?
Most episodes improve substantially within a few weeks, particularly when you stay active rather than resting. Longstanding or recurring pain takes longer and needs the strength work as well as the treatment, which is the part most people skip.